Sooty mold can only persist with the honeydew to feed on and will not infect the grapevine itself. On grapevines, the trunk, cordons, and leaves may begin to turn black with sooty mold. Under high numbers of SLF, understory plants may die back because of sooty mold buildup. Sooty mold doesn’t directly harm plants or the surfaces it grows on, but it does act as a barrier on the leaf to block photosynthesis. As the honeydew builds up, it is often colonized by sooty mold fungi. Honeydew can be attractive to ants, wasps, bees, and other sugar-loving insects. On sunny days, you may be able to see honeydew falling from trees. This excrement, called honeydew, accumulates around areas where SLF are feeding. Research is still in progress to establish action thresholds for SLF, though this will likely be dependent on age, variety, location, and baseline health of the vine.Īs SLF feed, they ingest large quantities of sap, filtering the needed nitrogen and proteins and excreting excess levels of sugars and water as waste products (much like aphids, scales, and other sucking insects). Reductions in macroand micronutrient concentrations in leaf tissues were also reported by the end of the season following heavy SLF feeding. Heavy SLF feeding can also decrease the amount of carbohydrates (i.e., starch) and nitrogen stored in root tissues in the fall, which might compromise vine health and growth in the following year. When SLF feed in high numbers on grapevines, photosynthesis and sap flow in the plant is reduced. SLF utilize the nutrients provided by the plant and also rely on bacteria in their guts to help digest sap. Current research suggests that they prefer plants with significant turgor pressure, which could help explain why they favor grapevines. SLF feed on plant phloem tissue (sap) using a piercing-sucking mouthpart. SLF adult on a grapevine with wings spread away from the body. SLF adults feeding on a grapevine trunk> Photo credit: Heather Leach.įigure 1E. Nymphal SLF, including the fourth instar, on grape shoots Photo credit: Heather Leach.įigure 1D. Newly hatched SLF nymphs on the underside of a grape leaf Photo credit: Heather Leach.įigure 1C. Splayed wings can often be a sign of pesticide poisoning (Figure 1E). Because SLF adults walk more than fly, their wings usually remain closed (Figure 1D). SLF forewings are gray with black spots the tips of the wings are black with gray veins and their hindwings are red, black, and white. Only the adults can fly, and this is most commonly observed in the afternoon on warm and sunny days. Adults have black bodies with brightly colored hindwings. This is the most obvious and easily detectable stage because they are large (~1 inch) and mobile. SLF adults emerge in July and are active until the first hard frost. All nymphs are highly mobile and are strong jumpers. The first three stages are all black with white spots, and the last is red with white dots and black stripes (Figure 1C). Nymphs are small (⅛ to ½ inch) and can be hard to find (Figure 1B). After hatching and before reaching adulthood, SLF goes through four immature (nymph) stages. Egg masses usually contain around 35–40 eggs each (Figure 1A). Egg masses are laid on smooth surfaces (trees, outdoor equipment, vines, posts, etc.) and protected with a mudlike covering. The eggs are laid in the fall (September to November) and hatch in the spring (late April to June). Spotted lanternfly is not actually a fly, but a planthopper. This guide will update you on our current knowledge and best management practices for this insect in vineyards. Significant damage has been reported from SLF feeding on grapevines, including increased susceptibility to winter injury, reduced starch concentration in vine roots, reduced yield in the subsequent year, and potential death of vines. SLF feeds on many plants, including economically important crops like grapevines, cucumber, hardwoods, and ornamentals. Detections of SLF have been reported in Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, North Carolina, California, and Oregon however, populations are not yet known in these states. As of April 2021, SLF is found in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Connecticut, Delaware, New York, and Ohio. Spotted lanternfly (SLF), Lycorma delicatula, is an invasive planthopper, native to Asia, that was first detected in 2014 in southeastern Pennsylvania.
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